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简介

本文内容基于基础的 Debian12 的镜像完成 Nginx+PHP+MySQL 的配置，各组件版本如下表

内容版本备注
操作系统Debian 12使用清华镜像源
Nginx1.29.3Nginx 官网源
MySQL8.4.7Oracle 官网源
PHP8.2操作系统源

配置操作系统镜像源

系统的安装可以参考 https://wiki.waringid.me/x/MYAYAQ 的内容。系统镜像源的配置如下

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources

Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian
Suites: bookworm bookworm-updates bookworm-backports
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
# Types: deb-src
# URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian
# Suites: bookworm bookworm-updates bookworm-backports
# Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security
Suites: bookworm-security
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Types: deb-src
# URIs: https://security.debian.org/debian-securty
# Suites: bookworm-security
# Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

完成配置后执行更新操作

配置 Nginx

Nginx 采用官网源更新至最新的版本

sudo apt install curl gnupg2 ca-certificates lsb-release debian-archive-keyring
curl https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | gpg --dearmor     \
| sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
gpg --dry-run --quiet --no-keyring --import --import-options import-show /usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg] \
http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian `lsb_release -cs` nginx"     | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx -y
nginx -v
sudo cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list
deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg] http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian bookworm nginx
user  nginx;
worker_processes  auto;
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
pid        /run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    #gzip  on;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

配置 Mysql

Mysql 采用官网源更新至 8.4.2 版本。

原计划使用清华源的配置完成数据库的安装，但是更新过程中一直报证书错误，通过其它的方法没法解决该问题。采用官网的源完成更新。

wget https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/apt/mysql-apt-config_0.8.36-1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.36-1_all.deb
sudo apt update
sudo apt install mysql-server
sudo mysql_secure_installation
sudo cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mysql.list
deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mysql-apt-config.gpg] http://repo.mysql.com/apt/debian/ bookworm mysql-apt-config
deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mysql-apt-config.gpg] http://repo.mysql.com/apt/debian/ bookworm mysql-8.4-lts
deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mysql-apt-config.gpg] http://repo.mysql.com/apt/debian/ bookworm mysql-tools
deb-src [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mysql-apt-config.gpg] http://repo.mysql.com/apt/debian/ bookworm mysql-8.4-lts

配置 php

PHP 采用系统自带的源安装

sudo apt-get install php php-mysql php-cli php-fpm graphviz php-xml php-gd php-zip php-curl php-mbstring php-json php-apcu

需要配置 Nginx 和 PHP 组合，需要调整对应的权限组。默认情况下 Nginx 的启动用户是 Nginx，PHP-FPM 的启动用户是 www-data。两者需要设置一致，否则后续启动访问时会报错。

调整 php.ini 配置

修改 upload_max_filesize 和 post_max_size 的变量设置，调整最大上传的资源限制

upload_max_filesize = 50M
...
post_max_size = 50M
memory_limit = 256M

也可以直接通过命令方式修改

sudo sed -i 's/post_max_size = 8M/post_max_size = 50M/' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini
sudo sed -i 's/upload_max_filesize = 2M/upload_max_filesize = 50M/' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini
sudo sed -i 's/memory_limit = 128M/memory_limit = 256M/' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini

调整 php-fpm 配置

sudo vim /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
user = nginx
group = nginx
listen.owner = nginx
listen.group = nginx

sudo systemctl restart php8.2-fpm

整合 Nginx 配置

先创建对应的路径和测试的 php 文件，然后在 Nginx 配置中增加对应的 PHP 配置内容

sudo mkdir /var/www/html/itop
sudo vim  /var/www/html/itop/phpinfo.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

sudo chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www/html

接下来整合 Nginx 配置文件，先创建对应的配置文件

sudo vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/php.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name app.example.com;

    root /var/www/html/itop;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
    }

    location ~ /\.ht {
        deny all;
    }
}

重启 Nginx 服务后能正常访问 PHP 页面即可

配置 phpMyAdmin

phpMyAdmin 用来通过 web 方式连接数据，它的操作方式非常简单，下载文件后复制到对应的配置目录即可

先下载对应的版本，当前最新版本是 https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/5.2.3/phpMyAdmin-5.2.3-all-languages.tar.gz

tar zxvf phpMyAdmin-5.2.3-all-languages.tar.gz
mv phpMyAdmin-5.2.3-all-languages phpadmin
sudo mv phpadmin/ /var/www/html/itop
sudo cp /var/www/html/itop/phpadmin/config.sample.inc.php /var/www/html/itop/phpadmin/config.inc.php
sudo chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www/html/itop/phpadmin
suod vim /var/www/html/itop/phpadmin/config.inc.php

配置文件中添加密码的 HASH 值，如下所示

$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'Tc/HfLPBOAPxJ-rhQP}HJoZEK69c3j:m';

完成配置后就可以直接访问了


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